Aristóteles y la fundamentación histórico-crítica de la «hermenéutica fenomenológica de la facticidad»

The article analyzes the role of Aristotle and Heidegger’s “phenomenological interpretations of Aristotle” (1921-1924) within the framework of a “phenomenological hermeneutics of facticity,” focusing on the Natorp Report (1922) and the summer semester course of 1923 in Freiburg (GA 63). First, it emphasizes the implicit presence of Aristotelian ontological conceptions in the “factual situation” of the time, which, according to Heidegger, necessitates a critical appropriation of the present and a historical dismantling (Abbau) of the ontological tradition. Second, it addresses the task of taking back (zurücknehmen) traditional ontology and logic to the problem of facticity as a fundamental element of the critical-deconstructive work that underpins a “phenomenological hermeneutics of facticity.” Third, the article characterizes Aristotle as a model (Vorbild) and a “phenomenologist” who engages with the previous thinkers of nature in a manner akin to Heidegger’s own engagement with the ontological tradition. Fourth, it demonstrates how Parmenides’ legacy, as adopted by Aristotle, ultimately reduces the being of the human to an effective reality comparable to the appearance of entities capable of movement or production. Finally, it examines Heidegger’s appropriation of the dianoetic virtues from Book VI of the Nicomachean Ethics (φρόνησις, τέχνη, ἐπιστήμη, σοφία, and νοῦς) and their correspondence to the structures of the being of factual life (being-with, practical concern, theoretical knowledge—scientific or contemplative—and the “there” of being-there, respectively), as developed in Heidegger’s courses of the period and later in Being and Time (1927).