BIOPOLITICS AND AGONISTICS:: FROM FOUCAULT TO NEGRI AND HARDT

This paper reconstructs the discussion about biopolitics in the thoughts of Foucault and Negri and Hardt, in order to emphasize the importance that can be acquired, in this context, by the notion of agonistics. At first, we approach Foucault’s concepts of biopolitics and governmentality in an introductory way, as well as their relationship with liberalism and neoliberalism. We also examine the ambiguities that mark the practices of freedom and the possibilities of resistance in a world governed by biopower. Then, we explain the meaning of the concepts of cognitive capitalism, Empire and multitude in the works of Negri and Hardt. At this point, we seek to fill a gap in his analysis, which is not found in Foucault, regarding the question of agonistics: the multitude’s willingness to fight intensifies itself as one realizes that life as such is agon. Finally, we argue that it is possible, in the neoliberal work environment, to convert self-entrepreneurship processes into micro-experiments of resistance and, therefore, of non-alienated freedom.