“O homem tem a razão ou a razão tem o homem?”: A relação entre o saber mediato (entendimento) e o saber imediato (crença) na filosofia de F. H. Jacobi

The purpose of this text is to show the difference between two conceptions of reason according to F. H. Jacobi. On the one hand, we find a speculative, mediated reason as a synonym for understanding, and on the other hand, an immediate, revelatory reason as a synonym for belief. These two faculties express two opposite yet inseparable aspects of man: sensible and suprasensible, conditioned and unconditioned. Jacobi shows why it is impossible to attain an intellectual knowledge of the suprasensible (a natural philosophy of the suprasensible), which is sought above all by philosophies that claim to be systematic represented here by monism (philosophies of a single principle). Jacobi, on the contrary, establishes that there is indeed a knowledge of the suprasensible, but in which the understanding does not take part.