The philosophy of education of Socrates and Plato: Epistemological foundations methods and values for contemporary education

Ancient Greek educational philosophy, particularly the thought of Socrates and Plato, laid the foundations of the Western educational tradition and continues to exert a profound influence on contemporary educational thinking. This article provides a systematic analysis of the philosophy of education of Socrates and Plato, focusing on three core dimensions: conceptions of knowledge and cognition; the aims and nature of education; and educational methods and the role of the teacher. On this basis, the paper identifies both the similarities and the differences between the two philosophers, while clarifying the theoretical value and practical significance of Socratic, Platonic educational thought for current educational reform, especially in the context of education oriented toward competency development, critical thinking, and civic virtues. The findings indicate that Socratic educational philosophy emphasizes dialogue, reflection, and self-knowledge, whereas Plato develops a systematic model of education closely linked to political and moral ideals. The combination of these two traditions provides an important foundation for constructing a humanistic, liberal, and sustainable educational philosophy in the twenty-first century.